Marco's Technical Skiing Summary

• skiing is application of forces to equipment to get desired outcome
• Balance is an outcome not a skill or action
• + - movements apply forces to affect ski direction
  • + - require 3 (or 5) skills
    • rotation
    • edging
    • + - pressure
      • for aft
      • ski to ski
      • vertical
  • + - DIRTD
    • duration
    • intensity
    • rate
    • timing
    • direction
  • GOOD balance is the outcome
  • skills are the same at alll levels
  • blending of skills changes
  • steering is # 1 in US skiing
• + - rotational control
  • + - turning (ski travels on arc)
    • + - 1 steering
      • active lfamor/knee/ankle/foot
    • 1 edge angle
    • + - 3 pressure
      • along ski
      • ski to ski
      • adjust forces
  • pivoting (spin flat ski on center)
  • + - upper body (head to hip)
    • preferably steady facing "future"
    • + - counterrotating to compensate legs action
      • GS
    • + - anticipating - faces fall line
      • bumps
    • help stop rotation by pole plant action
• + - edging
  • + - angulation
    • hips induced
    • + - knees (femors rotation) induced
      • adduction/abduction
  • inclination(banking) vertical axis induced
  • + - outcomes
    • sliding = streight
    • slipping = lateral
    • skidding sideways forward/backward blended
    • carvig - on rails
• + - pressure control
  • + - longitudinal
    • determined by COM position along arc of ski
    • + - center preferred - sweet spot of ski ideal
      • best advantage of ski design
      • most uniform response from ski
    • aimed at achieving fore aft balance
  • + - lateral
    • ski to ski - dominant on outside ski
    • tactically determined differential pressure
    • aimed at achieving side to side balance
    • transition from ski to ski by flexing inside and extending outside
  • + - verical
    • absorb up forces
    • extend to compensate negative down forces
• + - Phases of turn
  • + - initiation 1st 1/3
    • begins with the end of flat transition
    • release inside/don edged
    • guide rotation
    • move pressure to outsode ski (may be uphill ski)
  • + - shaping mid 1/3
    • cross fall line
    • highest edge angle
    • max angulation
  • + - finish last 1/3
    • continue rotation until direction cjhange achieved
    • may rotate until skis track uphill for speed control
  • + - transition
    • begin redistribution of weight over skis toward next initiation
    • achieves flat (no edges) transition
• + - Physics
  • + - Newton
    • N1 = inertia
    • N2 F=ma
    • N3 action/reaction
  • gravity
  • friction
  • centripetal - edged ski's resistance to skid out
  • + - Planes
    • front
    • sagittal
    • horizontal
  • CM travels shorter path than base of support
• + - Movement Analysis
  • + - Ob phase
    • desired outcome? Customer is king
    • prompt slow down
    • vantage point
    • start from skis and go up
  • + - Eval Phase
    • cause and effect
    • actions in one phase affect next phase options and actions
    • + - priorities
      • movements affecting stance
      • movements affecting balance
      • tactical choices
  • + - Prescription phase
    • focus = why
    • drill = what
    • progression = how
    • demonstration = see it
    • practice = feel it
    • feedback closes the loop
• + - Teaching model
  • + - understand student
    • goals
    • motivation
    • realistic?
  • + - Teaching Cycle
    • intoduce & develop trust
    • assess movements
    • goals
    • present demo
    • practice
    • verify understanding
    • confirm learning
  • learning partnership
  • + - Beginners
    • intro equipment
    • athletic stance/movement w/o skis
    • movement on skis on flat
    • sidestep
    • slide - straight run
    • gliding wedge
    • braking wedge
    • wedge turns
    • linked turns
    • traverse / side slip / forward slip
    • wedge cristie
  • + - Intermediate
    • wedge cristie
    • garlands
    • basic parallel
    • varying size parallel
    • pivot slips
    • hokey stop
    • fan progression
    • railroad turns
    • falling leaf
    • carved turns
  • + - advanced
    • advanced parallel
    • short / long radius
    • bumps
    • steep
    • powder
• + - Video key items
  • + - directional movements
    • look to future
    • hands
    • poling
  • + - fore aft
    • ankle knee flex
    • back & shin same angle
    • arms & hands
    • where skis bend
  • + - ski to ski
    • outside ski pressure
    • outside leg flex
    • independent legs
    • COM to base of support
    • angulation inclination
  • + - rotational guiding from lower body?
    • upper lower separation
    • inner leg-foot vs. outer
    • what the toes do
    • counter rotation or anticipation
  • + - edge angle change
    • little toes big toes
    • inside edge release
  • + - flexion extension
    • up unweigh, down, absorb
• + - Core Concepts
  • + - learning styles
    • + - Piaget's stages
      • sensoriomotor - to age 2
      • Pre Ops 2-6 yrs - what is
      • Concrete Ops 6-10 - what if
      • Formal Ops - 10+ - abstratct, fairness, responsibility
    • + - McCarthy/Kolb
      • innovative learners - trust emotions - why
      • Analytical Learners - org. details - what
      • Active experimenters - try it - how
      • dynamic learners - from whole to parts - what if
    • + - Gardner intelligences
      • verbal - linguistic
      • logical-mathematical
      • spatial
      • bodily-kinesthetic
      • musical-rhythmic
      • interpersonal
      • intrapersonal
  • + - anatomy
    • + - muscles
      • concentric contraction
      • eccentric contraction
      • isometric contraction
      • + - growth
        • head to feet
        • center to extremities
        • Gross to fine motor
      • action: vluntary/reflexive
    • + - joints
      • hinge joint - knee, elbow
      • ball & socket - hip, shoulder
      • gliding - wrist, foot
      • + - subtalar+calcaneous=anckle
        • inversion toe up
        • eversion toe down
        • dorsiflection
        • plantar flexion
        • pronation little toe up
        • supination little toe down
      • + - knee - femor to tibia
        • MCL Medial Collateral L
        • LCL Lateral Collateral L
        • ACL Anterior Cruciate L
        • PCL Posterior Cruciate L
    • + - women traits
      • lower CM
      • Wider pelvis - Q angle - knock kneed
      • more flexible in hip - over rotation in hips
      • less bone mass after 30
    • + - age traits
      • lower endurance
      • lower power
      • lower coordination
  • + - teaching
    • + - Communication
      • positive first impression
      • make goals w/ student
      • closed questions
      • open Qs
      • generative Qs - why did you do...
    • + - Personal styles
      • Karl Jung/Myers Briggs
      • 16 types
      • Extrovert/Introvert
      • Sensing/Intuitive
      • Thinking/Feeling
      • Judging/Perceiving
      • INTG
    • + - Maslow Mountain of Needs(bottom to top)
      • Physio needs
      • safety security
      • belonging
      • self esteem
      • self actualization
    • skill - drill - hill
    • + - Learning stages
      • knowledge - remeber
      • Comprehension - understand
      • Application - use
      • Analysis - break out parts
      • Synthesis - discover new applications
      • Evaluation - determine value